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All peptides
CognitiveResearch Phase

P21 (Peptide)

Subcutaneous injection, Intranasal
Written by Peptide Association Editorial TeamMedically reviewed by Ian Justl Ellis, MD, CPTLast reviewed Editorial policy

Overview

A small synthetic peptide derived from the active region of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) designed to promote neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. P21 is a tetrapeptide that crosses the blood-brain barrier and enhances dentate gyrus neurogenesis by increasing BDNF expression.

Mechanism of Action

Unlike full-length CNTF, P21 does not activate the JAK-STAT pathway or produce the anorectic and immunogenic effects of the parent protein.

Research Summary & Key Findings

Preclinical studies in Alzheimer's disease mouse models showed significant improvements in spatial learning and memory, correlated with increased hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic density (Bolognin et al., Neurobiol Dis, 2014). Reduced tau hyperphosphorylation and neurofibrillary pathology in transgenic mice. Currently in preclinical development with no human clinical trials completed.

Clinical Status

Research Phase

P21 (Peptide) is in the research phase with limited clinical data in humans. Current evidence is primarily derived from preclinical (animal or in vitro) studies.

Administration Routes

Subcutaneous injectionIntranasal

References

Primary literature

  • PubMed: "P21"

    Peer-reviewed literature indexed by the National Library of Medicine.

  • ClinicalTrials.gov: "P21"

    Registered interventional and observational studies, including status and phase.

  • PubChem: "P21"

    Chemical structure, molecular properties, and bioactivity data.

Study-level citations for this compound are being verified against the primary sources before publication. The database queries above return the current indexed literature in the meantime.

Related Peptides in Cognitive

No lawful pathway today

P21 (Peptide) is not FDA-approved and does not currently have a lawful prescription or compounding pathway in the United States, so there is nothing for us to sell you here and no consultation to book. That can change: eight peptides moved back to a lawful pathway in February 2026.

Tell me if the status changes

One email, only if this compound's regulatory standing actually moves. Not a newsletter, not a sales sequence.

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Disclaimer: This information is provided for educational and research purposes only. It is not intended as medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting any peptide therapy. The Peptide Association does not endorse or recommend any specific treatment protocol. See our editorial policy for how this content is produced and reviewed.