GHK-Cu
Overview
A naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) found in human plasma, saliva, and urine. GHK-Cu activates tissue remodeling by stimulating collagen synthesis, glycosaminoglycan production, and angiogenesis while suppressing fibrinogen synthesis.
Mechanism of Action
It modulates the activity of matrix metalloproteinases and influences over 4,000 genes related to tissue repair.
Research Summary & Key Findings
Studies demonstrate promotion of collagen types I and III synthesis, accelerated wound healing, and increased hair follicle size. Gene expression analysis shows broad regenerative gene activation. Topical application improves skin elasticity, firmness, and reduces photodamage.
Clinical Status
GHK-Cu is in the research phase with limited clinical data in humans. Current evidence is primarily derived from preclinical (animal or in vitro) studies.
Administration Routes
References
Primary literature
- PubMed — "GHK-Cu"
Peer-reviewed literature indexed by the National Library of Medicine.
- ClinicalTrials.gov — "GHK-Cu"
Registered interventional and observational studies, including status and phase.
- PubChem — "GHK-Cu"
Chemical structure, molecular properties, and bioactivity data.
Study-level citations for this compound are being verified against the primary sources before publication. The database queries above return the current indexed literature in the meantime.
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