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Apelin-13
Overview
Apelin-13 is a 13-amino acid endogenous peptide that represents the most potent and abundant isoform of the apelin family. It acts as the ligand for the APJ receptor (also known as the apelin receptor), a G protein-coupled receptor expressed in vascular endothelium, cardiomyocytes, and other tissues.
Mechanism of Action
The peptide induces vasodilation, enhances cardiac contractility, and modulates fluid homeostasis, providing therapeutic rationale for heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. Its structure consists of a highly conserved C-terminal sequence critical for receptor binding and biological activity.
Research Summary & Key Findings
Preclinical studies in rodent models have demonstrated improved cardiac output, reduced afterload, and attenuated pathological remodeling following apelin-13 administration. Clinical translation has been limited, with small exploratory human studies suggesting hemodynamic benefits in heart failure patients, but no large-scale randomized controlled trials have been completed to date. Further investigation is needed to establish safety and efficacy profiles for clinical use.
Clinical Status
Apelin-13 is in the research phase with limited clinical data in humans. Current evidence is primarily derived from preclinical (animal or in vitro) studies.
Administration Routes
References
Primary literature
- PubMed: "Apelin-13"
Peer-reviewed literature indexed by the National Library of Medicine.
- ClinicalTrials.gov: "Apelin-13"
Registered interventional and observational studies, including status and phase.
- PubChem: "Apelin-13"
Chemical structure, molecular properties, and bioactivity data.
Study-level citations for this compound are being verified against the primary sources before publication. The database queries above return the current indexed literature in the meantime.
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View detailsNo lawful pathway today
Apelin-13 is not FDA-approved and does not currently have a lawful prescription or compounding pathway in the United States, so there is nothing for us to sell you here and no consultation to book. That can change: eight peptides moved back to a lawful pathway in February 2026.
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List Your PracticeDisclaimer: This information is provided for educational and research purposes only. It is not intended as medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting any peptide therapy. The Peptide Association does not endorse or recommend any specific treatment protocol. See our editorial policy for how this content is produced and reviewed.