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ImmuneInvestigational

VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide)

Intranasal, Intravenous, Subcutaneous injection
Written by Peptide Association Editorial TeamMedically reviewed by Ian Justl Ellis, MD, CPTLast reviewed Editorial policy

Overview

A 28-amino acid neuropeptide widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and immune cells. VIP acts through VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors to produce potent anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-12) and promoting regulatory T-cell differentiation.

Mechanism of Action

It also functions as a vasodilator, bronchodilator, and neuromodulator.

Research Summary & Key Findings

Clinical research by Dr. Shoemaker demonstrated efficacy in chronic inflammatory response syndrome (CIRS) associated with mold exposure. VIP nasal spray reduced markers of inflammation including TGF-beta-1, MMP-9, and C4a. Studies show neuroprotective effects and potential application in pulmonary hypertension and sarcoidosis.

Clinical Status

Investigational

VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide) is in the investigational stage. While preclinical and early-phase data exist, it has not received regulatory approval for clinical use in the United States.

Administration Routes

IntranasalIntravenousSubcutaneous injection

References

Primary literature

Study-level citations for this compound are being verified against the primary sources before publication. The database queries above return the current indexed literature in the meantime.

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Disclaimer: This information is provided for educational and research purposes only. It is not intended as medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting any peptide therapy. The Peptide Association does not endorse or recommend any specific treatment protocol. See our editorial policy for how this content is produced and reviewed.