Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Overview
Cholecystokinin is an endogenous peptide hormone existing in multiple forms, most commonly as CCK-8 and CCK-33, secreted by I-cells in the duodenum and jejunum. It binds to CCK-1 and CCK-2 receptors to stimulate gallbladder contraction, pancreatic enzyme secretion, and satiety signaling.
Mechanism of Action
Therapeutic interest centers on diagnostic imaging applications and potential treatments for obesity and functional gastrointestinal disorders. The peptide also plays neuromodulatory roles in the central nervous system.
Research Summary & Key Findings
Sincalide, a synthetic CCK-8 analog, is FDA approved for diagnostic use to stimulate gallbladder contraction during cholescintigraphy and to stimulate pancreatic secretion for sample collection. Clinical trials exploring CCK analogs for obesity have shown limited efficacy due to rapid desensitization and gastrointestinal side effects. Research continues into selective CCK receptor modulation for metabolic and gastrointestinal applications.
Clinical Status
Cholecystokinin (CCK) has received FDA approval and is available for clinical use under appropriate medical supervision. Consult a qualified healthcare provider for prescribing information.
Administration Routes
References
Primary literature
- PubMed — "Cholecystokinin"
Peer-reviewed literature indexed by the National Library of Medicine.
- ClinicalTrials.gov — "Cholecystokinin"
Registered interventional and observational studies, including status and phase.
- PubChem — "Cholecystokinin"
Chemical structure, molecular properties, and bioactivity data.
Study-level citations for this compound are being verified against the primary sources before publication. The database queries above return the current indexed literature in the meantime.
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List Your PracticeDisclaimer: This information is provided for educational and research purposes only. It is not intended as medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting any peptide therapy. The Peptide Association does not endorse or recommend any specific treatment protocol. See our editorial policy for how this content is produced and reviewed.